Course Catalog

Course description not available.

Course Summary This course covers in depth knowledge of Basic antenna principals, concepts of antenna wave propagation, antenna theory, design and measurements. Course Aims Providing knowledge of different types of antenna. Knowledge of antenna measurement methods Knowledge of radio wave propagation in atmosphere Learning Outcomes On successful completion of the course, students will be able to: a) Able to explain the basic concept of antenna b) Able to design the antenna for given application c) Able to characterise and analyse the antenna from antenna parameters Curriculum Content 1. Fundamental Concepts: Concept of Radiation (physical meaning), Potential functions & Electromagnetic field, Network Theorems, Radiation Pattern, near-field and far-field regions, basic parameters of antenna (directivity, gain, beam-width, effective aperture, polarization, input impedance, radiation efficiency, radiation resistance and efficiency etc.), Friis transmission equation, Methods of Excitation. 2. Radiation from Wires and Loops: Infinitesimal dipole, finite-length dipole, dipoles for mobile communication, small circular loop. 3. Aperture Antennas: Huygens’ principle, radiation from rectangular and circular apertures, design considerations, Babinet’s principle, Radiation from sectoral and pyramidal horns, design concepts, Fourier Transformation in aperture antenna. 4. Travelling Wave antennas: Analysis and Design of Rhombic antennas and V antenna. 5. Broadband Antennas: Broadband concept, Log-periodic antennas, frequency independent antennas. 6. Reflector antennas: Parabolic reflectors and reflector optics. 7. Microstrip Antennas: Basic characteristics of microstrip antennas, feeding methods, methods of analysis, design of rectangular patch antennas. 8. Antenna Measurements: Antenna Radiation pattern measurements, Measurement of antenna beam width and gain, Polarization measurements. Measurement of radiation resistance, S parameter. 9. Antenna Arrays: Analysis of uniformly spaced arrays with uniform and non-uniform excitation amplitudes, extension to planar arrays, Binomial arrays. 10. Wave Propagation: Propagation of radio waves, mode of propagation Ground wave propagation- Attenuation characteristics for ground wave propagation, Calculation of field strength at a distance. Sky wave propagation- . atmospheric effects, structure of ionosphere, and its effect on radio waves. Ray path, , ionospheric propagation, skip distance, virtual height, critical frequency, MUF, fading, diversity. Space wave propagation - Reflection from ground for vertically and horizontally polarized waves. Reflection characteristics of earth. Resultant of direct and reflected ray at the receiver. Duct propagation. Teaching and Learning Strategy a) Lectures will incorporate break-outs for working in groups on problems b) Blackboard will be used to share class material, and to enable online discussions. Teaching and Learning Strategy Description of Work Class Hours Out-of-Class Hours Lecturers Class room teaching 40 hours 80 hours Experiments Measurement of antenna parameter & Characterization 20 hours 10hours ASSSESSMENT. Assessment Strategy Formative Assessment: a) Laboratory Experiments b) Quizzes c) Midterm Exam Summary Assessment a) Final Exam Mapping of Learning Outcomes to Assessment Strategy Assessment Scheme Type of Assessment Learning Outcome Percentage Quizzes Based on the previous and current lecture 15 Lab Measurement of antenna parameters 20 Mid term Standard and design based problem 25 End Term Standard and design based problem 40 Total 100% Bibliography i. Antenna Theory Analysis and Design by Constantine A. Balanis ii. E.C. Jordan & K.G. Balmain, Electromagnetic waves & Radiating Systems, PHI, 2007 iii. Antennas and Wave Propagation by J D Kraus iv. Antenna Theory and Design by Warren L Stutzman and Garry A Thiele v. R.E.Collins, Antennas and Radio Propagation, Singapore: McGraw Hill, 1985 vi. Antennas for All Applications by J D Kraus and Ronald J Marhefka vii. Antenna Theory and Design by Robert S Elliot viii. Microwave Antenna Theory and Design by Samuel Silver

Course Summary Basics of optical fiber communication system including signal propagation through optical fibers, fiber impairments, components, devices and optical fiber communication system design. Course Aims The proposed course aims to expose the students to the basics of optical fiber communication system including signal propagation through optical fibers, fiber impairments, components, devices and optical fiber communication system design. Learning Outcomes On successful completion of the course, students will be able to: 1. Be familiar with Optical Fiber Communication System and its parameters including single and multimode fibers, fiber couplers, connectors etc.. 2. Demonstrate basic fiber handling skills, including cleaving and splicing. 3. Understand and measure properties of optical sources, detectors and receivers. 4. Design, construct and test a basic optical fiber communication link/system. 5. Write a good technical report and clear and informative presentation. 13. Curriculum Content Syllabus Module 1: Overview of optical communication, other forms of communication systems, Introduction to vector nature of light, Propagation of light, Ray model and wave model. Optical fiber: Types, Structure and wave guiding fundamentals, Optical fiber modes and analysis, Step and Graded Index Fibers. Module 2: Signal degradation in Optical fiber due to dispersion and attenuation Module 3: Optical Sources: Basic light emission mechanism in semiconductors, LED and Lasers, Optical Detectors: Basic light absorption concepts in semiconductors, photodiodes, p-i-n detectors, detector responsivity, noise, Optical Receivers. Module 4: (a) Optical Power Launching and Coupling: Lensing Scheme for coupling improvement, Fiber-to-Fiber Joints, Splicing Techniques, Optical fiber connectors. Optical modulation & Receiver Operation: Analog & Digital modulation, Fundamental receiver operation and performance calculation, Preamplifier design, Analog receivers, heterodyne receiver. Transmission link analysis, Point to point links, Introduction to coherent optical communication & applications of optical fibers. (b) Optical fiber system fundamentals: BER measurements, quantum limit, loss and dispersion limits. Optical Switches – coupled mode analysis of directional couplers and electro-optic switches. Module 5: Basics of Optical amplifiers, nonlinear effects in optical fiber links, Optical amplifiers and soliton based Communication. Teaching and Learning Strategy a) Lectures will incorporate brief hand-outs, quizzes along with white board / black board and multimedia teaching methods. Additionally, students will be motivated for working in groups on problems related to the course. b) Laboratories will be used for demonstration of different optical fiber communication components and their working and troubleshooting. c) Blackboard will be used to share e-books and other class material, and to enable online discussions. Teaching and Learning Strategy Class Hours Out-of-Class Hours Lectures 42- hours 80- hours Laboratories 20- hours 20- hours PART C: ASSSESSMENT. Assessment Strategy Formative Assessment: a) Assignments 10% b) Quizzes 05% c) Mini project / Lab 25% d) Midterm Exam 25% Summary Assessment a) Final Exam and/or project 35% 16. Mapping of Learning Outcomes to Assessment Strategy Assessment Scheme Type of Assessment Description Percentage Lab / Projects 25% Assignments Quizzes 10% 05% Midterm Exam 25% F Final Exam 35% Total 100% Bibliography Books / References- • G. Keiser, Optical Fiber Communications, TMH. • A. Ghatak & K. Thygarajan, Introduction to Fiber Optics, Cambridge. • J. Gowar, Optical Communication Systems, PHI. • J.M. Senior, Optical Fibre Communications: Principles & Practice, PHI

I. COURSE TITLE: Power System Operation and Control II. COURSE CODE: III. COURSE CREDITS (L:T:P): 3:0:0 IV. TOTAL CONTACT HOURS/ WEEK (L:T:P): 3:0:0 V. NO. OF BATCHES: One VI. COURSE TYPE (MAJOR/UWE/CCC): Major Elective VII. PREREQUISITE/S (IF ANY): EED307, EED352 VIII. COURSE COORDINATOR(S)/INSTRUCTOR(S): Dr. Himanshu Sekhar Sahu IX. SCHOOL/ DEPARTMENT: Electrical Engineering X. DISCIPLINES TO WHICH THE COURSE MAY BE OF INTEREST: Electrical Engineering XI. COURSE CONTENT: 1. Economic Operation of Power System: Fundamental of power flow solutions, Power factor correction, Distribution of load between units within a plant, Distribution of load between plants, The transmission-loss equation, An interpretation of transformation C, Classical economic dispatch with losses, Automatic generation control, Unit commitment, Solving the unit commitment problems. 2. Load Frequency Control and Control Area Concept: Automatic load-frequency control of single area systems: Speed-governing system, Hydraulic valve actuator, Turbine-generator response, Static performance of speed governor, Closing the ALFC loop, Concept of control area, ALFC of multi-control area systems (Pool operation): The two area systems, Modelling the Tie-Line, Block diagram representation of two area system, Dynamic response of two area system, Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA). 3. Power System Stability Problems: Basic concepts and definitions, Rotor angle stability, Synchronous machine characteristics, Power versus angle relationship, Stability phenomena, Voltage stability and voltage collapse, Mid-term and long-term stability, Classification of stability. 4. Small Signal Stability: State space concepts, Basic linearization technique, Participation factors, Eigen properties of state matrix, Small signal stability of a single machine infinite bus system, Studies of parametric effect: Effect of loading, Effect of KA, Effect of type of load, Stability improvement by power system stabilizers. Design of power system stabilizers. 5. Transient Stability: Time domain simulations and direct stability analysis techniques (extended equal area criterion) Energy function methods: Physical and mathematical aspects of the problem, Lyapunov’s method, Modelling issues, Energy function formulation, Potential Energy Boundary Surface (PEBS): Energy function of a single machine infinite bus system, equal area criterion and the energy function, Multi-machine PEBS. 6. Sub Synchronous Oscillations: Turbine generator torsional characteristics, Shaft system model, Torsional natural frequencies and mode shapes, Torsional interaction with power system controls: interaction with generator excitation controls, interaction with speed governors, interaction with nearby DC converters, Sub Synchronous Resonance (SSR): Characteristics of series capacitor -compensated transmission systems, Self – excitation due to induction generator effect, Torsional interaction resulting in SSR, Analytical methods, Counter measures to SSR problems. XII. RECOMMENDED BOOK(S): 1. Power System Analysis- By John. J. Grainger & W. D. Stevenson, Jr., TMH, 2003 Edition, Fifteenth Reprint. 2. An Introduction to Electric Energy System Theory- By O. I. Elgerd, TMH, Second Edition. 3. Power System Stability and Control- By Prabha Kundur, Mc Graw Hill Education, 2016 Edition, Twentieth Reprient. 4. P. Sauer and M. Pai, “Power system dynamics and stability”, Prentice Hall, 1998 5. Power Generation Operation and Control-By A. J. Wood and B. F. Wollenberg, John Wiley and Sons, 1996. 6. 6. Power System Analysis Operation and Control- By A. Chakrabarti and S. Haldar, Third Edition, PHI Publications, 6th Reprint, 2010. XIII. ASSESSMENT SCHEME: Quiz 1: 5 marks Quiz 2: 5 marks Mid Sem: 40 marks End term Exam: 50 marks Total: 100

This course will cover the fundamentals of semiconductors, energy band diagram, excess career concentration, carrier transport phenomenon, and physics of semiconductor junctions: p-n junctions, metal-semiconductor junctions (schottky and ohmic contacts). Bipolar Junction Transistor, MOS capacitors, Field Effect Transistors and other semiconductor devices.

Review of scalar and vector fields Electrostatic and Magneto static Fields. Maxwell’s equations: Inconsistency of Amperes law, Continuity equation, Displacement current, Maxwell’s equations, Boundary conditions. EM waves: Wave propagation in free space, Conductors and dielectrics, Polarization, Plane wave propagation in conducting and non-conducting media, Phasor notation, Phase velocity, Group velocity; Reflection at the surface of the conductive medium, Surface Impedance, Depth of penetration. Poynting Vector: Poynting theorem, Poynting Vectors and power loss in a plane conductor. Transmission Line: Transmission line equations, characteristic impedance, open and short circuited lines, standing wave and reflection losses. Impedance matching, Smith Chart, Simple and double stub matching. Antenna & radiation: Scalar and vector potentials. Radiation from a current filament, half-wave dipole and small loop antennas. Antenna characteristics, radiation pattern, radiation intensity, directivity and power gain. Introduction to Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) and Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)

1. Classification and representation of signals and systems, Continuous time & Discrete time signals and systems, Impulse and Step response of a system, linear systems, linearity, time invariance, causality, signal properties -LTI systems, Convolution 2. Fourier series, Fourier transform and properties, relation between Fourier transform and Fourier series, Sampling and reconstruction, FFT, DIT FFT, DIF FFT Algorithm, Inverse DFT and Convolution using FFT 3. Laplace transforms- representation of signals using continuous time complex exponentials, relation of Laplace and Fourier transform, concept of ROC and transfer function- block diagram representation, Inverse Laplace transform, properties, analysis and characterization of LTI systems using Laplace transforms 4. Z transforms- representation of signals using discrete time complex exponentials-properties, inverse Z transforms, ROC, Analysis and characterization of LTI systems using Z transforms, block diagram, transfer functions 5. Introduction to random variable and random process, State space analysis, Introduction to Two port networks and parameters

Unit‐1 – Transformers: Different types of transformers and Applications, Transformer Construction, Core and Shell type of transformers, Core Materials and Laminated core , Cooling systems, Ideal Transformer Fundamentals, Practical Transformer, Equivalent circuit of a transformer, testing of Transformers, Polarity Test, OC test , SC Test and Back to Back or Sumpner’s Test Unit‐2 DC Machines Principals of Electromechanical energy conversion, Electrical and magnetic circuits DC machine Constructional details, DC generator – Operation, types of generators, Characteristics, DC winding diagrams Unit‐3 DC Motors DC motor operation, characteristics, Principals of Commutation and armature reaction, Starters, Testing of DC machines Unit‐4 AC Machines Three phase Induction Machines, Constructional details, Principle of operation, IM characteristics, Starting of IM, Testing of IM, Three phase Synchronous machines, Constructional details, Principle of operation, SM characteristics, Starting of SM, Different types of SM. Unit‐5 FHP and special Machines Single phase IM, Universal Machine, PM DC machine, Stepper motors

Review of Fourier series and Transform. Hilbert transform. Band pass signal and system representation. Noise: Resistor noise, Noise temperature, Noise bandwidth, effective input noise temperature, Noise figure. Noise figure & equivalent noise temperature in cascaded circuits. Random process: stationary, power spectral density, Gaussian process, noise. AM, DSBSC, SSB, VSB; Signal representation, generation, and demodulation. FM: signal representation, generation, and demodulation. Superheterodyne receiver, Mixer. Phase recovery with PLL. Noise in AM / FM : AM receivers using coherent detection, AM receivers using envelope detection, FM receivers. Pulse Modulation: PPM, PWM, PAM. PCM: sampling, PAM sampling, quantization, PCM -TDM. Basics of TDMA, FDMA, CDMA & GSM.

Basic concepts of rotating electrical machines: Electrical degrees and mechanical degrees, flux per pole, frequency of induced emf, generated emf expression, short-pitced coil and full pitched coil, coil span factor (pitch factor) and distribution factor and their physical significance, rotating magnetic field, synchronous speed, mmf variation of concentrated and distributed winding along the air-gap, space harmonics in the mmf wave. Three phase Induction motors: Construction, types, and working principle of a three phase induction motor (I.M.), concept of slip, rotor induced emf and its frequency, stator and rotor voltage equations, equivalent circuit diagram of a three phase I.M., phasor diagram of the I.M. under no-load and full load conditions, effect of the presence of the air-gap on the no-load power factor, power flow diagram of the I.M., Torque-slip characteristics of the I.M., effect of adding external resistance on the starting torque and the maximum torque of the motor, plugging operating on the motor, IM stability, no-load and blocked rotor tests on the I.M., starting methods on the I.M., power factor improvement of the I.M. by capacitor banks, effect of changing the voltage and frequency on the I.M. performance, high torque squirrel cage I.M., tooth/slot harmonics in the I.M., asynchronous crawling, synchronous crawling, and cogging phenomena. Single phase Induction motors: Double revolving field theory, torque-slip characteristics of a single phase I.M., stator and rotor governing equations, equivalent circuit diagram of a single phase I.M., no-load and blocked rotor tests on the motor, starting methods of the motor; resistance split phase starting, capacitor split phase starting. Three phase Synchronous machines: Types of synchronous machines, effect of resistive, inductive, and capacitive loads on the terminal voltage of a three phase synchronous generator, concept of synchronous reactance, emf method to draw the equivalent circuit diagram of the cylindrical rotor synchronous generators, open-circuit and short-circuit characteristics, voltage regulation of the alternators, active and reactive power flow equations for the cylindrical rotor alternators, conditions for reactive power generation and absorption, effect of variation in the field current on the performance of alternators and synchronous motors (connected to the grid), V-curve for the alternators and synchronous motors, over-excited, under-excited, and normal excitation conditions, synchronous condensers, synchronization process; dark lamp method, effect of varying the driving torque of the grid connected alternators, effect of varying the field excitation of the grid connected alternators, starting methods of three phase synchronous motors, two reaction theory of salient pole type synchronous alternators, power-angle characteristics, damper winding and hunting phenomenon.

Objective of the course: Electrical machines course is one of the important courses of the Electrical discipline. In this course the different types of DC generators and motors which are widely used in industry are covered and their performance aspects will be studied. UNIT – I: Electromechanical Energy Conversion: Electromechanical Energy conversion – forces and torque in magnetic field systems – energy balance – energy and force in a singly excited magnetic field system, determination of magnetic force - co-energy – multi excited magnetic field systems. UNIT – II: D.C. Generators & Armature Reaction: D.C. Generators – Principle of operation – Action of commutator – constructional features – armature windings – lap and wave windings – simplex and multiplex windings – use of laminated armature – E. M.F Equation – Problems. Armature reaction – Cross magnetizing and de-magnetizing AT/pole – compensating winding – commutation – reactance voltage – methods of improving commutation. Applications of DC generators in different types of industries. UNIT – III: Types of D.C Generators & Load Characteristics: Methods of Excitation – separately excited and self- excited generators – build-up of E.M.F - critical field resistance and critical speed - causes for failure to self-excite and remedial measures. Load characteristics of shunt, series and compound generators – parallel operation of DC series generators – use of equalizer bar and cross connection of field windings – load sharing. UNIT – IV: D.C. Motors & Speed Control Methods: D.C Motors – Principle of operation – Back E.M.F. - Torque equation – characteristics and application of shunt, series and compound motors – Armature reaction and commutation. Speed control of DC Motors: Armature voltage and field flux control methods. Ward-Leonard system. Principle of 3 point and 4 point starters – protective devices. Applications of DC motors in different types of industries. UNIT – V: Testing of D.C. Machines: Losses – Constant & Variable losses – calculation of efficiency – condition for maximum efficiency. Methods of Testing – direct, indirect and regenerative testing – brake test – Swinburne’s test – Hopkinson’s test – Field’s test – Retardation test – separation of stray losses in a DC motor test. Recommended books 1. Electrical Machinery, Fitzgerald, Mc Grawhill, 6th Edition, 2010 2. Electrical machinery and transformers, Guru and Hiziroglu, Oxford, 2004 3. Principles of electrical machines and Power Electronics - P.C.SEN, Jhon Wiley and sons(Indian reprint) 4. Electrical machines, Nagrath and Kothari, Mcg raw hill, 3rd edition. 2004

• Introduction and Mathematical Modeling: Classification of Control Systems: Open-loop and Closed-loop Systems, Effect of feedback, Mathematical modelling of physical/mechanical systems and its electrical equivalents, Translation systems; Rotational systems; Servomechanisms, Servomotors, Synchros, Block Diagram and Signal Flow representation and analysis. • Time - Domain Analysis Standard Signals; Time-response of 1st order and 2nd order systems, Dynamic / Transient and Steady-State Response, Steady-State Errors: Error Constants, Type-0, Type-1, and Type-2 Systems, Effect of Poles and Zeroes to Transfer Functions; Dominant Poles, Design and Response of Controllers: P; PI; PD and PID. • Stability Criterion and Technique Absolute and Relative Stability, Routh Stability Criterion: BIBO Systems; Necessary Conditions, Relative Stability Analysis, Root Locus Technique: Concept , Construction, and Rules of Root Loci, Effect of Poles and Zeros to G(s)H(s) function • Frequency – Domain Analysis Correlation between Time-Domain and Frequency-Domain Analysis, All-Pass System; Non-Minimum-Phase System and Minimum-Phase System, Polar Plot and Bode Plot: Properties and Constructions, Gain Margin and Phase Margin, Nyquist Plot: Nyquist Stability Criterion; Effect of Poles and Zeroes, Constant M and N Circles; Nichols Chart. • Compensation Networks Effect and Need of Compensatory Networks, Types: Lead Compensator; Lag Compensator and Lag-Lead Compensator, PID and Modified PID Controllers, Introduction to Digital Controllers: PLC and PAC Type Controllers • State-Space Analysis Conventional Control verses Modern Control Theory, Concept of State-Space Representation, Realizations of Transfer Functions; Diagnosis, and Solution of State-Space Equations; transition Matrix, Stability Criteria: Observability and Controllability of Linear Systems.

Introduction to communication networks. Switching: Circuit switching, Packet switching, Message switching, Cell switching, Permanent virtual circuit, Switched virtual circuit. Transmission Medium: Copper cable, Shielded twisted pair, UTP, Coaxial cable, Optical fiber cable. Telephone communication. Data Communication: OSI layers. Data Link layer: HDLC, Multiple access control- ALHO, Polling, CSMA/CD, Token passing. LAN: Ethernet- 10 to 100BaseT, Gigabit, 40 Gigabit, 10Base2, 10Base5, 10Base F, Token ring, FDDI, Repeater, Bridge, Router, Gateway. WAN: Packet switch network- X.25, Frame relay, ATM. Broadband Access Technology: ISDN, Cable modem, xDSL. Internet Protocol: TCP/IP, UDP, IPv4, IP

Theory (and related laboratory experiments) in the following broad topics Power-Electronic Devices: Construction and characteristics of Power diode, Thyristor, TRIAC, MOSFET and IGBT. Rectifiers (AC to DC converters): Study of single phase AC to DC controlled rectifier, three phase AC to DC controlled rectifier, application of AC to DC rectifiers in HVDC transmission and DC motor control. Switched mode power supplies (DC to DC converters): Study of non-isolated buck, boost and buck-boost type DC to DC converters, Isolated DC to DC converters: forward converter and fly back converter. Inverters (DC to AC converters): DC to single phase AC conversion, DC to three phase AC conversion, Different types of pole voltages, PWM Inverter, PWM techniques – Sine wave PWM (SPWM), hysteresis control based PWM, variable-voltage variable-frequency inverter application in AC motor drive. AC to AC converters: phase angle control keeping frequency unchanged, AC chopper, cyclo-converter.

Embedded Systems Hardware

• Introduction and Overview of Digital Communication Systems and Principles, Model, Analog vs. Digital Communication, Sampling, Quantization, PCM • Concept of Probability and Random variable: characterization and Pdfs • Geometric representation of Signal waveforms: Gram Schmidt procedure, Constellations • Digital modulation and demodulation schemes: performance analysis and comparison • Synchronization and Channel equalization • Digital Transmission: ISI, Matched filter, Maximum Likelihood detector, Transmitter, Receiver designs • Channel capacity, Coding and Decoding, Source Coding, Information Measure, Introduction to Error control: Viterbi, Linear Block codes, Convolution Codes, Hamming, and Turbo codes. • Introduction to Multiple Access Communication, Spread spectrum communications, OFDM

UNIT I- Electrical power Generation Generation of electrical energy: Basic structure of power system; demand of electrical system – base load, peak load; controlling power balance between generator and load, advantages of interconnected system; Thermal power plant – general layout, turbines, alternators, excitation system, governing system, efficiency; Hydel power plant – typical layout, turbines, alternators; Nuclear power plant – principle of energy conversion, types of nuclear reactors; brief overview of renewable energy sources. UNIT II – Introduction to Transmission and Distribution in electric power system Structure of electric power system - different operating voltages of generation, transmission and distribution – advantage of higher operating voltage for AC transmission. An introduction to EHV AC transmission, HVDC transmission and FACTs. Mechanical design of transmission line between towers – sag and tension calculations using approximate equations taking into account the effect of ice and wind. UNIT III - Transmission Line Parameters Parameters of resistance, inductance and capacitance calculations - single and three phase transmission lines - single and double circuits - solid, stranded and bundled conductors - symmetrical and unsymmetrical spacing – transposition of lines - concepts of GMR and GMD - skin and proximity effects - interference with neighboring communication circuits. Corona discharge characteristics – critical voltage and loss. (Simple diagrams of typical towers and conductors for 400, 220 and 110 kV operations) UNIT IV- Modelling and Performance of Transmission Lines Transmission line classification - short line, medium line and long line - equivalent circuits – Ferranti effect - surge impedance, attenuation constant and phase constant - voltage regulation and transmission efficiency - real and reactive power flow in lines – power circle diagrams – shunt and series compensation. An introduction to power angle diagram - surge-impedance loading, load ability limits based on thermal loading; angle and voltage stability considerations. UNIT V- Insulators and Cables Classification of insulators for transmission and distribution purpose – voltage distribution in insulator string and grading - improvement of string efficiency. Underground cables - constructional features of LT and HT cables – insulation resistance, capacitance, dielectric stress and grading – tan δ and power loss - thermal characteristics. UNIT VI- Substation, Grounding System and Distribution System Classification, functions and major components of substations. Bus-bar arrangements - substation bus schemes - single bus, double bus with double breaker, double bus with single breaker, main and transfer bus, ring bus, breaker-and-a-half with two main buses, double bus-bar with bypass isolators. Importance of earthing in a substation. Qualitative treatment to neutral grounding and earthing practices in substations. Feeders, distributors and service mains. DC distributor – 2-wire and 3-wire, radial and ring main distribution. AC distribution – single phase and three phase 4-wire distribution.

Introduction of Microwaves and their applications. Waveguides: Rectangular Waveguides, Solution of Wave equation in TE and TM modes. Power transmission and Power losses. Excitation of modes in Rectangular waveguides, circular waveguides: Basic idea of TE and TM modes, field patterns, TEM mode of propagation. Waveguide Components: Scattering matrix representation of networks, Rectangular cavity and circular cavity resonators. Waveguide Tees, Magic Tees. Hybrid rings. Waveguide corners, Bends and twists, Directional couplers, Circulators and isolators, Windows, Irises, tuning screws. Measurement: frequency, Wave length, VSWR, Impedance, power. Microwave Tubes: Klystron, Reflex Klystron, Magnetron, TWT, BWO: Their schematic, Principle of operation, performance characteristics and application. Semiconductor Devices: Construction, Operation and Practical applications of PIN diode, varactor and Tunnel diode, Gunn diode, IMPATT, TRAPTT diodes, Maser MIC: Introduction to microstrip lines, Parallel Striplines, Coplanar striplines, Shielded striplines, Slot lines, Transitions, Bends and Discontinuities.

Electric breakdown phenomenon in gases, liquid, and solid insulation materials, generation of high A.C. and D.C. voltages, generation of impulse voltages and currents, measurement of high voltages and currents, high voltage testing of electrical equipments, transients in power systems (lightning and switching induced transients), insulation coordination. Numerical computation of the electric field intensity in homogenous and multi-dielectric isotropic materials by finite element method (FEM). Extra-high voltage (EHV) and ultra-high voltage (UHV) transmission systems, mitigation of audible noise, radio interference, corona loss, and high voltage gradients. Modelling and analysis of HVDC systems, modelling and analysis of flexible A.C. transmission systems (FACTS).

• Evolution of mobile communication systems. 1G, 2G, 2.5G & 3G systems. IMT2000, FDD, TDD, FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, SDMA. • Introduction, Frequency reuse, Channel assignment strategies, Handoff strategies, Interference and system capacity, Improving coverage & capacity in cellular system • GSM: GSM standards and architecture, GSM Radio aspects, typical call flow sequences in GSM, security aspects. GPRS, UMTS. • CDMA standards: Spread spectrum, direct sequence and frequency hop spread spectrum, IS-95 CDMA architecture, forward link and reverse link. • Infrastructure based and adhoc networks, IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b. Bluetooth.

Modern Control

GSM, SS7 & IN Signalling Fundamentals

Graph Signal Processing and Its applications

Design of Photo Voltaic Systems

Course description not available.

Course description not available.

Theory: • Introduction to Electric Drives: What is Electric Drive? What are its advantages? Different components of Electric Drive, Different types of Electric Drives. • Dynamics of Electric Drives: Fundamentals of speed-torque relations, multi-quadrant operation in speed-torque plane, Nature and classification of load torques, Calculation of time and energy spent in transient operations, steady state stability of drives • Control of Electric Drives: Steady-state and transient operation of drives, speed and torque control, different kinds of closed loop control of electric drives, sensors required for closed loop speed control. • Selection of Motor and Drives: Different kinds of motors used in drives, motor power and duty cycle ratings, motors suitable for continuous or intermittent operation of drives • DC Motor Drives: Overview of different types of dc motors and their torque-speed characteristics, starting and braking methods of dc motors, conventional speed control methods, modern speed control methods using power electronic converters, time and energy loss calculations during starting and braking of separately excited dc motor. • Induction Motor Drives: Overview of 3-phase Induction motor torque-speed characteristics, squirrel-cage and slip-ring induction motor, different types of starting and braking of induction motor, time and energy loss calculations in transient operation of induction motor, Speed control of 3-phase induction motor using conventional methods and using power electronic converters, V/f control and slip power recovery based control of induction motor speed and torque, torque-speed characteristics and speed control of single phase induction motor. • Synchronous Motor Drives: Overview of synchronous motor operation and speed control. • Brushless DC motor, Switched Reluctance Motor &Stepper Motor Drives: Construction, operation and control of brushless dc motor, switched reluctance motor and stepper motor Laboratory Experiments: (1) Experiments based on Conventional Methods of starting, braking and speed control of DC Motors, Slip-ring and Squirrel-cage induction motors, Synchronous Motors. (2) AC to DC converter based speed control of DC motor (3) DC to DC chopper based speed control of DC motor (4) Constant V/f control of 3-phase ac motors (5) Brushless DC motor and Switched Reluctance Motor controls

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Major Project 2

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Biomedical Signal Processing

Research Methodology

Advanced Power Electronics

Foundations of Signal Processing

Semiconductor Devices

Advanced Analog VLSI Design

Analog Circuits and Systems

IC Technology

Memory Design and Testing

Advanced Microcontrollers

SelfStudy

RF and Microwave Engineering

Advanced Digital Communication

Data Communication and Networking

Advanced Wireless Communication

Antenna Theory

Special Topics in Communication Engineering

Analysis,design and control of advanced electrical machines

Advanced power electronics and drives

Advanced Devices & Circuits

M.Tech. (Communications) Project 1

VLSI Design and Modelling